Enzymes with high specificity and catalytic efficiency play a crucial role in the fermentation process. The activities of five key enzymes, i.e., protease, AK, F 420 , α-glucanase, and CoA-T, were measured on day 3, 6, and 9 to compare the catalytic efficiency of Fe 3 O 4 (0.2413), MOF-808(0.5), and Fe 3 O 4 @MOF-808 1.5 (0.5) ( Fig. 7 ).